Isifinyezo se-crystal oscillator
I-Crystal oscillator ibhekisela kusikwa esilucwecwana esisikwe ku-quartz crystal ngokwe-azimuth Angle ethile, i-quartz crystal resonator, ebizwa ngokuthi i-quartz crystal noma i-crystal oscillator;I-crystal element ene-IC engezwe ngaphakathi kwephakheji ibizwa nge-crystal oscillator.Imikhiqizo yayo ivamise ukupakishwa ngamakesi ensimbi, kodwa nakumakesi engilazi, ama-ceramics noma epulasitiki.
Isimiso sokusebenza se-crystal oscillator
I-quartz crystal oscillator iyithuluzi elizwakalayo elenziwe ngomphumela we-piezoelectric wekristalu ye-quartz.Ukwakheka kwayo okuyisisekelo cishe kungokulandelayo: Kusuka kukristalu yequartz ngokocezu oluthile lwe-azimuth, olumbozwe ngongqimba lwesiliva ezindaweni zalo ezimbili ezihambisanayo njengama-electrode, intambo yomthofu exhunywe ku-electrode ngayinye ixhunywe kuphini, ihlanganiswe negobolondo lephakheji elakhiwe. i-quartz crystal resonator, ebizwa ngokuthi i-quartz crystal noma i-crystal, i-crystal vibration.Imikhiqizo yayo ivamise ukupakishwa ngamakesi ensimbi, kodwa nakumakesi engilazi, ama-ceramics noma epulasitiki.
Uma inkambu kagesi isetshenziswa kuma-electrode amabili ekristalu ye-quartz, i-chip yonakaliswa ngomshini.Ngokuphambene, uma ukucindezela komshini kusetshenziswa ezinhlangothini zombili ze-chip, inkambu kagesi izokhiqizwa ngendlela ehambisanayo ye-chip.Lesi simo esingokomzimba sibizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-piezoelectric.Uma ama-voltage ashintshanayo asetshenziswa ezigxotsheni ezimbili ze-chip, i-chip izokhiqiza ukudlidliza komshini, okuzophinda kukhiqize izinkambu zikagesi ezishintshanayo.
Ngokuvamile, i-amplitude yokudlidliza kwemishini ye-chip kanye ne-amplitude yendawo kagesi eshintshanayo incane kakhulu, kodwa lapho imvamisa ye-voltage esetshenziswayo eshintshanayo iyinani elithile, i-amplitude ikhula kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu kuneyamanye amafrikhwensi. , lesi senzakalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-piezoelectric resonance, efana kakhulu ne-resonance ye-LC circuit.Imvamisa yayo ye-resonant ihlobene nemodi yokusika, i-geometry nosayizi we-chip.
Uma ikristalu ingadlidlizi, ingathathwa njenge-capacitor eyisicaba ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrostatic capacitance C, futhi usayizi wayo uhlobene nosayizi wejometri we-chip nendawo ye-electrode, ngokuvamile cishe indlela embalwa yesikhumba kuya kunqwaba yendlela yesikhumba. .Lapho i-crystal oscillates, inertia yokudlidliza komshini ilingana ne-inductance L. Ngokuvamile, amanani we-L asukela emashumini kuya kumakhulu amadigri.Ukunwebeka kwe-chip kungalingana ne-capacitance C, encane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuphela ama-picograms angu-0.0002 ~ 0.1.Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi nokudlidliza kwe-wafer kulingana no-R, onenani elingaba ngu-100 ohms.Ngenxa yokuthi i-inductance elinganayo ye-chip inkulu kakhulu, futhi i-C incane kakhulu, i-R nayo incane, ngakho-ke i-quality factor Q yesekethe inkulu kakhulu, ifika ku-1000 ~ 10000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa ye-resonant ye-chip ngokwayo. ngokuyisisekelo ihlobene kuphela nemodi yokusika, i-geometry nobukhulu be-chip, futhi ingenziwa ngokunembile, ngakho-ke isifunda se-oscillator esakhiwa ama-quartz resonators singathola ukuzinza okuphezulu kwemvamisa.
Amakhompyutha anesekhethi yesikhathi, futhi nakuba igama elithi “iwashi” livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kulawa madivaysi, empeleni awawona amawashi ngomqondo ojwayelekile.Angase abizwe kangcono ngokuthi izibali sikhathi.Isibali sikhathi sekhompuyutha ngokuvamile siyikristalu yequartz eyenziwe kahle ezulazula ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yayo yokuqina okuya ngokuthi ikristalu ngokwayo isikwa kanjani nokuthi ibhekene nokungezwani okungakanani.Kunamarejista amabili ahlotshaniswa nekristalu ngayinye ye-quartz, ikhawunta nerejista yokubamba.I-oscillation ngayinye yekristalu ye-quartz kunciphisa ikhawunta ngokukodwa.Uma isibali sehla sibe ngu-0, ukuphazamiseka kuyenziwa futhi isibali silayisha kabusha inani lokuqala elisuka kurejista yokubamba.Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlela isibali sikhathi ukuze sikhiqize iziphazamiso ezingu-60 ngomzuzwana (noma nganoma iyiphi enye imvamisa oyifunayo).Ukuphazamiseka ngakunye kubizwa ngokuthi uphawu lwewashi.
Ngokwamagama kagesi, i-crystal oscillator ingalingana nenethiwekhi yamatheminali amabili ye-capacitor kanye ne-resistor ngokuhambisana kanye ne-capacitor ochungechungeni.Ebunjiniyela bukagesi, le nethiwekhi inamaphuzu amabili e-resonance, ahlukaniswe ngamafrikhwensi aphezulu naphansi.Imvamisa ephansi i-resonance yochungechunge, futhi imvamisa ephezulu i-parallel resonance.Ngenxa yezici zekristalu ngokwayo, ibanga phakathi kwamafrikhwensi amabili liseduze impela.Kulolu hlu lokuvama oluncane kakhulu, i-crystal oscillator ilingana ne-inductor, inqobo nje uma iziphetho ezimbili ze-crystal oscillator zixhunywe ngokuhambisana nama-capacitor afanelekile, izokwakha isifunda se-resonance parallel.Lesi sifunda se-resonant parallel singangezwa kumjikelezo wempendulo engalungile ukuze kwakheke i-sinusoidal oscillation circuit.Ngenxa yokuthi uhla lwemvamisa ye-crystal oscillator elilingana ne-inductance lincane kakhulu, imvamisa yale oscillator ngeke ishintshe kakhulu ngisho noma imingcele yezinye izingxenye ihluka kakhulu.
I-Crystal oscillator inepharamitha ebalulekile, okungukuthi inani le-capacitance yomthwalo, khetha i-parallel capacitance elingana nenani le-capacitance yomthwalo, ingathola imvamisa ye-resonance ye-crystal oscillator.I-General vibration crystal oscillation circuit isemaphethelweni ahlukene e-inverting amplifier exhunywe kumakristalu ane-capacitance amabili athola iziphetho zamakristalu, ngokulandelana ikhono ngalinye ngakolunye uhlangothi lokwamukela, umthamo wama-capacitor amabili enanini lochungechunge kufanele alingane. kumthamo wokulayisha, sicela unake amaphinikhodi we-IC avamile anamandla okufaka afanayo, lokhu akukwazi ukuzitshwa.Ngokuvamile, amandla omthwalo we-crystal oscillator yisikhumba esingu-15 noma esingu-12.5.Uma i-capacitance yokufaka elinganayo yezikhonkwane zengxenye icatshangelwa, i-oscillation circuit ye-crystal oscillator eyakhiwe ngama-capacitor esikhumba amabili angu-22 iyisinqumo esingcono.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-20-2021