Inqubo evamile yokuklama eyisisekelo ye-PCB imi kanje:
Ukulungiselela kusengaphambili → ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo se-PCB → ithebula lenethiwekhi eliqondisayo → ukulungiselelwa komthetho → isakhiwo se-PCB → izintambo → ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo nokuphrinta isikrini → ukuhlola kwenethiwekhi ne-DRC ukuhlola nesakhiwo → umdwebo wokukhanya okukhiphayo → ukubuyekezwa komdwebo okhanyayo → ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi le-PCB / ulwazi lwesampula → PCB ukuqinisekiswa kwe-EQ yobunjiniyela bemboni yebhodi → ukuphuma kolwazi lwe-SMD → ukuqedwa kwephrojekthi.
1: Ukulungiselela kusengaphambili
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa komtapo wezincwadi wephakheji kanye ne-schematic.Ngaphambi kwedizayini ye-PCB, qala ngokulungisa iphakheji ye-SCH ye-logic ye-schematic kanye nelabhulali yephakheji ye-PCB.Ilabhulali yephakheji i-PADS iza nomtapo wolwazi, kodwa ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola okulungile, kungcono kakhulu ukwenza ilabhulali yephakheji yakho ngokusekelwe kulwazi losayizi ojwayelekile wedivayisi ekhethiwe.Empeleni, qala wenze umtapo wezincwadi wephakheji we-PCB, bese wenza iphakethe le-SCH logic.Umtapo wezincwadi wephakheji we-PCB unzima kakhulu, uthinta ngqo ukufakwa kwebhodi;Izidingo zephakheji ye-SCH logic zixega uma kuqhathaniswa, inqobo nje uma unaka incazelo yezindawo ezinhle zephinikhodi kanye nokuxhumana nephakheji ye-PCB kulayini.PS: naka umtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile wezikhonkwane ezifihliwe.Ngemva kwalokho idizayini ye-schematic, ilungele ukuqala ukwenza idizayini ye-PCB.
2: Idizayini yesakhiwo se-PCB
Lesi sinyathelo ngokuya ngosayizi webhodi kanye nokuma kwemishini sekunqunyiwe, imvelo ye-PCB yokuklama ukudweba ibhodi lebhodi le-PCB, kanye nezidingo zokubeka ukubekwa kwezixhumi ezidingekayo, okhiye / amaswishi, izimbobo zezikulufu, izimbobo zokuhlanganisa, njll. Futhi cabangela ngokugcwele futhi unqume indawo yezintambo kanye nendawo engeyona izintambo (njengokuthi ingakanani imbobo yesikulufu ingeyendawo okungezona izintambo).
3: Qondisa i-netlist
Kuyatuswa ukuthi ungenise uhlaka lwebhodi ngaphambi kokungenisa i-netlist.Ngenisa uhlaka lwebhodi yefomethi ye-DXF noma ifreyimu yebhodi yefomethi ye-emn.
4: Ukusetha umthetho
Ngokusho komklamo othize we-PCB ungamisa umthetho ozwakalayo, sikhuluma ngemithetho yimenenja ye-PADS constraint, ngokusebenzisa umphathi wesithiyo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yenqubo yokuklama yobubanzi bomugqa kanye nemikhawulo yesikhala sokuphepha, ayihlangabezani nezingqinamba. kokutholwa okulandelayo kwe-DRC, izophawulwa ngomaka base-DRC.
Isimiso somthetho ovamile sibekwa ngaphambi kwesakhiwo ngoba ngezinye izikhathi omunye umsebenzi we-fanout kufanele uqedwe phakathi nesakhiwo, ngakho imithetho kufanele isethwe ngaphambi kwe-fanout, futhi uma iphrojekthi yokuklama inkulu, umklamo ungaqedwa ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Qaphela: Imithetho isethelwe ukuqedela umklamo kangcono futhi ngokushesha, ngamanye amazwi, ukusiza umklami.
Izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile ziyi.
1. Ububanzi bomugqa obuzenzakalelayo/isikhala somugqa wamasignali avamile.
2. Khetha bese usetha imbobo ngaphezulu
3. Ububanzi bomugqa kanye nezilungiselelo zombala zamasignali abalulekile nempahla yamandla.
4. izilungiselelo zesendlalelo sebhodi.
5: Isakhiwo se-PCB
Isakhiwo esijwayelekile ngokwezimiso ezilandelayo.
(1) Ngokwezakhiwo zikagesi zokuhlukanisa okunengqondo, ngokuvamile okuhlukaniswa ngokuthi: indawo yesifunda sedijithali (okungukuthi, ukwesaba ukuphazamiseka, kodwa futhi ukukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka), indawo yesifunda se-analog (ukwesaba ukuphazamiseka), indawo yokushayela amandla (imithombo yokuphazamiseka ).
(2) ukuqedela umsebenzi ofanayo wesekethe, kufanele ibekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ulungise izingxenye ukuqinisekisa uxhumano olufushane kakhulu;ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa isikhundla esihlobene phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo ukuze wenze uxhumano olufushane kakhulu phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo.
(3) Ngobuningi bezingxenye kufanele ucabangele indawo yokufaka namandla okufaka;izingxenye ezikhiqiza ukushisa kufanele zibekwe ngokuhlukana nezingxenye ezizwela ukushisa, futhi izinyathelo zokushisa ezishisayo kufanele zicatshangelwe uma kunesidingo.
(4) Amadivayisi omshayeli we-I/O aseduze ngangokunokwenzeka ohlangothini lwebhodi eliphrintiwe, eduze nesixhumi sokuhola.
(5) ijeneretha yewashi (njenge: crystal noma i-oscillator yewashi) ukuze ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka kudivayisi esetshenziselwa iwashi.
(6) kumjikelezo ngamunye ohlanganisiwe phakathi kwephinikhodi yokufaka amandla nomhlabathi, udinga ukwengeza i-decoupling capacitor (ngokuvamile usebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-high-frequency ye-monolithic capacitor);Isikhala sebhodi siminyene, ungangeza futhi i-tantalum capacitor ezungeze amasekethe amaningana ahlanganisiwe.
(7) ikhoyili edluliselwe ukwengeza i-diode yokukhipha (1N4148 can).
(8) izidingo zesakhiwo ukuze zilingane, zihleleke, zingabi nekhanda elisindayo noma usinki.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekubekweni kwezingxenye, kufanele sicabangele ubukhulu bangempela bezingxenye (indawo nokuphakama okuhlala), isikhundla esihlobene phakathi kwezingxenye zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwebhodi kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kanye nokulula kokukhiqiza kanye ukufakwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi lezi zimiso ezingenhla zingabonakala esimisweni sezinguquko ezifanele ekubekweni kwedivayisi, ukuze icoceke futhi ibe yinhle, njengethuluzi elifanayo okufanele libekwe ngobunono, isiqondiso esifanayo.Ayikwazi ukubekwa "endayizweni".
Lesi sinyathelo sihlobene nesithombe esiphelele sebhodi kanye nobunzima be-wiring elandelayo, ngakho-ke umzamo omncane kufanele ucatshangelwe.Lapho ubeka ibhodi, ungenza izintambo zokuqala zezindawo ezingenaso isiqiniseko, futhi uzicabangele ngokugcwele.
6: izintambo
Izintambo ziyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umklamo we-PCB.Lokhu kuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza kwebhodi le-PCB kuhle noma kubi.Enqubweni yokuklama ye-PCB, izintambo ngokuvamile zinezindawo ezintathu zokuhlukanisa.
Okokuqala indwangu ngokusebenzisa, okuyizidingo eziyisisekelo kakhulu PCB design.Uma imigqa ingafakwanga, ukuze yonke indawo ibe yindiza endizayo, kuyoba ibhodi elisezingeni eliphansi, okusho ukuthi, alizange lifakwe.
Okulandelayo ukusebenza kukagesi ukuhlangabezana.Lesi yisilinganiso sokuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe linamazinga afanelekile yini.Lokhu kungemuva kwendwangu ngokusebenzisa, lungisa ngokucophelela i-wiring, ukuze ifinyelele ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kagesi.
Bese kulandela ubuhle.Uma indwangu yakho yokufaka izintambo idlula, akukho okuzothinta ukusebenza kukagesi wendawo, kodwa ukubheka esikhathini esidlule ngokungahlelekile, kanye nemibalabala, eqhakazile, ukuthi noma ukusebenza kwakho kukagesi kuhle kangakanani, emehlweni abanye noma ucezu lukadoti. .Lokhu kuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuhloleni nasekulungiseni.I-wiring kufanele icoceke futhi icoceke, ingaphambanisi ngaphandle kwemithetho.Lokhu okokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokuhlangabezana nezinye izidingo zomuntu ngamunye ukuze kuzuzwe icala, ngaphandle kwalokho kuwukubeka inqola ngaphambi kwehhashi.
Izintambo ngokwezimiso ezilandelayo.
(1) Ngokuvamile, eyokuqala kufanele ifakwe intambo ukuze kutholakale amandla kanye nezintambo zomhlabathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kukagesi ebhodini.Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yemibandela, zama ukunweba ukunikezwa kwamandla, ububanzi bomugqa ophansi, okungcono kube banzi kunolayini wamandla, ubuhlobo babo buwukuthi: umugqa ophansi > ulayini wamandla > umugqa wesignali, ngokuvamile ububanzi bomugqa wesignali: 0.2 ~ 0.3mm (cishe 8-12mil), ububanzi obuncane kakhulu bufika ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm (2-3mil), intambo yamandla ngokuvamile ingu-1.2 ~ 2.5mm (50-100mil).100mil).I-PCB yamasekhethi edijithali ingasetshenziswa ukwenza isifunda sezintambo ezibanzi zomhlabathi, okungukuthi, ukwakha inethiwekhi yomhlabathi ezosetshenziswa (umhlabathi wesifunda se-analog awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngale ndlela).
(2) Ukufakwa kwezintambo kwangaphambilini kwezimfuneko eziqine kakhulu zolayini (njengemigqa yamafrikhwensi aphezulu), imigqa eseceleni yokokufaka neyokukhiphayo kufanele igwenywe eduze nokuhambisana, ukuze ingakhiqizi ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo.Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba kufanele kwengezwe, futhi izintambo zezingqimba ezimbili eziseduze kufanele zibe perpendicular komunye nomunye, zihambisane nokukhiqiza kalula ukuhlangana kwe-parasitic.
(3) igobolondo le-oscillator isisekelo, umugqa wewashi kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi awukwazi ukuholwa yonke indawo.Iwashi le-oscillation circuit ngezansi, ingxenye ekhethekile ye-high-speed logic yesekethe yokwandisa indawo yomhlabathi, futhi akufanele ihambe kweminye imigqa yesignali ukwenza inkambu kagesi ezungezile ithande ukuba ziro;.
(4) ngangokunokwenzeka usebenzisa izintambo ezingu-45 ° zokugoqa, ungasebenzisi i-90 ° fold, ukuze unciphise imisebe yamasignali aphezulu-frequency;(izidingo eziphezulu zomugqa nazo zisebenzisa umugqa we-arc ophindwe kabili)
(5) noma yimiphi imigqa yesignali ayenzi amaluphu, njengokungagwemeki, amaluphu kufanele abe mancane ngangokunokwenzeka;imigqa yesignali kufanele ibe nezimbobo ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka.
(6) umugqa wokhiye ube mfushane futhi uwugqinsi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi nhlangothi zombili indawo evikelekile.
(7) ngokudluliswa kwekhebula eliyisicaba lamasignali azwelayo kanye nesignali yebhendi yenkundla yomsindo, ukusebenzisa indlela “yesiginali yaphansi – ephansi” ukuze uphume.
(8) Amasignali abalulekile kufanele agcinelwe amaphuzu okuhlola ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kokulungisa
(9) Ngemuva kokuthi izintambo ezihleliwe seziqediwe, izintambo kufanele zenziwe kahle;ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi kokuqala kanye nokuhlola kwe-DRC kulungile, indawo engenazintambo yokugcwalisa umhlabathi, enendawo enkulu yongqimba lwethusi lomhlabathi, ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe alisetshenziswanga endaweni exhunywe emhlabathini njengoba emhlabathini.Noma yenza ibhodi le-multilayer, amandla kanye nomhlabathi ngamunye kuthathe ungqimba.
Izidingo zenqubo yokufaka izintambo ze-PCB (zingasethwa emithethweni)
(1) Umugqa
Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bomugqa wesignali obungu-0.3mm (12mil), ububanzi bomugqa wamandla obungu-0.77mm (30mil) noma 1.27mm (50mil);phakathi komugqa nomugqa kanye nebanga phakathi komugqa kanye nephedi likhulu noma lilingana no-0.33mm (13mil), isicelo sangempela, izimo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ibanga lenyuka.
Ukuminyana kwezintambo kuphezulu, kungacatshangwa (kodwa akunconyiwe) ukusebenzisa izikhonkwane ze-IC phakathi kwemigqa emibili, ububanzi bomugqa obungu-0.254mm (10mil), isikhala somugqa asikho ngaphansi kuka-0.254mm (10mil).Ezimweni ezikhethekile, lapho izikhonkwane zedivayisi ziminyene futhi ububanzi buncane, ububanzi bomugqa kanye nesikhala somugqa kungancishiswa ngokufanele.
(2) Amaphedi e-solder (PAD)
I-solder pad (PAD) kanye ne-transition hole (VIA) izidingo eziyisisekelo yilezi: ububanzi bediski kunobubanzi bembobo ukuze bube bukhulu kuno-0.6mm;isibonelo, ama-pin resistors enhloso ejwayelekile, ama-capacitor namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, njll., kusetshenziswa idiski / usayizi wembobo 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), amasokhethi, izikhonkwane nama-diode 1N4007, njll., kusetshenziswa i-1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil).Izicelo ezingokoqobo, kufanele zisekelwe kusayizi wangempela wezingxenye ukuze kunqunywe, uma zitholakala, zingafaneleka ukukhulisa usayizi wephedi.
Imbobo yokufaka ingxenye yedizayini yebhodi le-PCB kufanele ibe nkulu kunosayizi wangempela wengxenye yamaphinikhodi angu-0.2 ~ 0.4mm (8-16mil) noma kanjalo.
(3) i-over-hole (VIA)
Ngokuvamile 1.27mm/0.7mm (50mil/28mil).
Uma ukuminyana kwezintambo kuphezulu, usayizi wembobo engaphezulu ungancishiswa ngokufanele, kodwa akufanele ube mncane kakhulu, 1.0mm/0.6mm (40mil/24mil) bungacatshangelwa.
(4) Izidingo zesikhala zephedi, ulayini kanye ne-vias
I-PAD ne-VIA : ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
I-PAD ne-PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
I-PAD ne-TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
I-TRACK NE-TRACK : ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Ekuminyaniseni okuphezulu.
I-PAD ne-VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
I-PAD ne-PAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
I-PAD ne-TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
I-TRACK NE-TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
7: Ukwenza kahle kwezintambo kanye nesikrini sikasilika
“Akukho okuhle, okungcono kuphela”!Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umba kangakanani umklamo, lapho uqeda ukudweba, bese uya ukuyobheka, usazozizwa ukuthi izindawo eziningi zingashintshwa.Umuzwa ojwayelekile wokuklama ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esiphindwe kabili ukuthuthukisa izintambo njengoba kwenza ukwenza izintambo zokuqala.Ngemuva kokuzwa ukuthi akukho ndawo yokuguqula, ungabeka ithusi.Ukubeka ithusi ngokuvamile ukubeka umhlabathi (naka ukuhlukaniswa kwe-analog kanye nomhlabathi wedijithali), ibhodi elinezingqimba eziningi lingadinga futhi ukubeka amandla.Uma wenza isikrini sikasilika, qaphela ukuthi ungavinjwa idivayisi noma ususwe yimbobo engaphezulu nephedi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo ubheka ngokulinganayo ohlangothini lwengxenye, igama elingaphansi kwesendlalelo kufanele lenziwe ukucubungula isithombe sesibuko, ukuze ungaphambanisi izinga.
8: Inethiwekhi, isheke le-DRC kanye nokuhlola isakhiwo
Ngaphandle komdwebo okhanyayo ngaphambili, ngokuvamile kudingeka uhlole, inkampani ngayinye izoba nohlu lwayo lokuhlola, okuhlanganisa isimiso, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza nezinye izici zezidingo.Okulandelayo yisingeniso esivela emisebenzini yokuhlola emibili eyinhloko ehlinzekwa isofthiwe.
9: Umdwebo wokukhanya okukhiphayo
Ngaphambi kokukhishwa komdwebo okhanyayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-veneer iyinguqulo yakamuva eqediwe futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama.Amafayela okukhipha umdwebo okhanyayo asetshenziselwa imboni yebhodi ukwenza ibhodi, i-stencil factory ukwenza i-stencil, i-welding factory yokwenza amafayela enqubo, njll.
Amafayela okukhiphayo yilawa (kuthatha ibhodi elinezingqimba ezine njengesibonelo)
1).Isendlalelo sezintambo: sibhekisela kungqimba lwesignali evamile, ikakhulukazi izintambo.
Iqanjwe ngokuthi L1,L2,L3,L4, lapho u-L emele ungqimba lokuqondanisa.
2).Isendlalelo sesikrini sikasilika: sibhekisela kufayela lokuklama lokucutshungulwa kolwazi lokuhlola usilika ezingeni, ngokuvamile izendlalelo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi zinamadivayisi noma ikesi lelogo, kuzoba nokuhlolwa kosilika kwesendlalelo esiphezulu kanye nokuhlolwa kosilika kwesendlalelo esingezansi.
Ukuqamba: Isendlalelo esiphezulu siqanjwe SILK_TOP ;isendlalelo esingezansi siqanjwe SILK_BOTTOM .
3).Isendlalelo sokumelana ne-Solder: ibhekisela kungqimba efayeleni lokuklama oluhlinzeka ngolwazi lokucubungula lwe-oyela eluhlaza.
Ukuqamba: Isendlalelo esiphezulu siqanjwe ngokuthi SOLD_TOP;isendlalelo esingezansi siqanjwe ngokuthi SOLD_BOTTOM.
4).Isendlalelo se-stencil: sibhekisela ezingeni efayeleni lokuklama elihlinzeka ngolwazi lokucubungula lokunamathisela kwe-solder.Ngokuvamile, uma kukhona amadivaysi e-SMD kuzo zombili izendlalelo ezingaphezulu neziphansi, kuzoba nongqimba olungaphezulu lwe-stencil kanye nongqimba olungezansi lwe-stencil.
Ukuqamba: Isendlalelo esiphezulu siqanjwe PASTE_TOP ;isendlalelo esingezansi siqanjwe PASTE_BOTTOM.
5).Isendlalelo sokubhoboza (siqukethe amafayela ama-2, ifayela lokumba le-NC DRILL CNC kanye nomdwebo wokumba we-DRILL DRAWING)
ebizwa nge-NC DRILL kanye ne-DRILL DRAWING ngokulandelana.
10: Ukubuyekezwa komdwebo okhanyayo
Ngemuva kokukhishwa komdwebo okhanyayo ekubuyekezweni komdwebo okhanyayo, i-Cam350 evulekile futhi isifunda esifushane kanye nezinye izici zesheke ngaphambi kokuthumela ebhodini lefekthri yebhodi, kamuva futhi kudingeka ukunaka ubunjiniyela bebhodi kanye nokuphendula inkinga.
11: Ulwazi lwebhodi le-PCB(Imininingwane ye-Gerber yokudweba ukukhanya + Izidingo zebhodi le-PCB + umdwebo webhodi lomhlangano)
12: Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-EQ yobunjiniyela bebhodi le-PCB(unjiniyela webhodi kanye nempendulo yenkinga)
13: PCBA ukubekwa idatha okukhiphayo(ulwazi lwe-stencil, imephu yenombolo encane yokubeka, ifayela lezixhumanisi zengxenye)
Lapha konke ukuhamba komsebenzi komklamo we-PCB wephrojekthi kuqediwe
Umklamo we-PCB uwumsebenzi onemininingwane eminingi, ngakho-ke umklamo kufanele ucophelele kakhulu futhi ube nesineke, ucabangele ngokugcwele zonke izici zezici, kuhlanganise nomklamo wokucabangela ukukhiqizwa kokuhlanganisa nokucutshungulwa, futhi kamuva ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nezinye izinkinga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklanywa kwemikhuba ethile emihle yokusebenza kuzokwenza umklamo wakho ube onengqondo ngokwengeziwe, umklamo osebenza kahle kakhudlwana, ukukhiqiza okulula nokusebenza okungcono.Idizayini enhle esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke, abathengi bazophinde baqiniseke futhi bathembeke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2022