Ngokuvumelana ne-EU's RoHS Directive (Directive Act of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi emishinini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi), Lo myalelo udinga ukuvinjelwa kwemakethe ye-EU ukuthengisa ngogesi kanye okokusebenza kukagesi okuqukethe izinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi ezifana nomthofu “njengokukhiqiza okuluhlaza” inqubo engenamthofu esiphenduke inkambiso yentuthuko engenakuhlehliswa kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi, 2006.
Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili uhlelo lokungaholeli lwaqala kusukela esigabeni sokulungiselela.Abakhiqizi abaningi bemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi e-China baqongelele ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile ekuguqukeni okusebenzayo ukusuka ekuhlanganisweni okunganomthofu ukuya ekuhlanganisweni okunganomthofu.Manje njengoba inqubo engenamthofu iya ngokuya ivuthwa, ukugxilwa komsebenzi kwabakhiqizi abaningi sekushintshile kusukela ekwazini nje ukwenza ukukhiqiza okungenamthofu kuya ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwezinga lokudayiswa okunganamthofu kusuka ezicini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nemishini. , izinto zokwakha, ikhwalithi, inqubo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla..
Inqubo ye-lead-free reflow soldering inqubo ebaluleke kunazo zonke kubuchwepheshe bamanje bokukhweza phezulu.Isetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezihlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, ugesi wezimoto, amasekhethi okulawula kanye nezokuxhumana.Imishini yoqobo ka-elekthronikhi eyandayo iyaguqulwa isuke embobeni iye endaweni ebekwe phezulu, futhi ukuphinda kufakwe i-solder kungena esikhundleni se-wave soldering ebangeni elikhulu kuwumkhuba osobala embonini yokudayisa.
Ngakho-ke iyiphi indima ezodlalwa umshini wokuphinda ugaye kabusha ohlelweni lwe-SMT olukhula ngokuvuthwa olungaholeli?Ake sikubheke ngombono wawo wonke umugqa wokukhweza we-SMT:
Wonke umugqa wokukhweza ongaphezulu we-SMT ngokuvamile uqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: iphrinta yesikrini, umshini wokubeka kanye nohhavini ogelezayo.Emishinini yokubeka, uma kuqhathaniswa nengenawo umthofu, asikho isidingo esisha kumshini ngokwawo;Emshinini wokunyathelisa wesikrini, ngenxa yomehluko omncane wezinto ezibonakalayo ze-solder ezingenawo umthofu kanye nokunamathisela okune-lead, ezinye izidingo zokuthuthukiswa zibekwe phambili kumshini ngokwawo, kodwa alukho ushintsho lwekhwalithi;Inselele yengcindezi engenamthofu ikuhhavini lokugeleza kabusha.
Njengoba nonke nazi, indawo encibilikayo yokunamathisela i-lead solder (Sn63Pb37) yi-183 degrees.Uma ufuna ukwakha inhlanganisela ye-solder enhle, kufanele ube nogqinsi oluyi-0.5-3.5um lwenhlanganisela ye-intermetallic ngesikhathi sokudayiswa.Ukushisa kokubunjwa kwama-intermetallic compounds yi-10-15 degrees ngaphezu kwendawo yokuncibilika, okuyi-195-200 ye-lead soldering.iziqu.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezinto zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi ebhodini lesifunda ngokuvamile lingama-degree angu-240.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufakwe i-lead soldering, iwindi elifanele lenqubo yokuhlanganisa liyi-195-240 degrees.
I-solder engenamthofu ilethe izinguquko ezinkulu enqubweni ye-solder ngoba indawo yokuncibilika ye-solder-free paste ishintshile.I-solder paste esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje i-Sn96Ag0.5Cu3.5 enephoyinti lokuncibilika elingu-217-221 degrees.I-solder enhle engenawo umthofu kufanele futhi yakhe inhlanganisela ye-intermetallic enogqinsi luka-0.5-3.5um.Izinga lokushisa lokubunjwa kwama-intermetallic compounds liphinde libe ngama-degree angu-10-15 ngaphezu kwendawo yokuncibilika, okungama-230-235 degrees for soldering-free-free soldering.Njengoba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-elekthronikhi ezithengiswa ngaphandle komthofu zingaguquki, iwindi elifanele lenqubo yokudambisa i-solder engenamthofu ngamadigri angama-230-240.
Ukuncishiswa okunamandla kwefasitela lenqubo kulethe izinselele ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela, futhi kulethe nezidingo eziphakeme zokuzinza nokuthembeka kwemishini yokudambisa engenamthofu.Ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa ongasemuva emshinini ngokwawo, kanye nomehluko kumthamo oshisayo wezinto zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi phakathi nenqubo yokushisisa, uhla lwefasitela lenqubo ye-soldering lokushisa elingalungiswa ekulawuleni inqubo ye-lead-free reflow soldering process liba lincane kakhulu. .Lobu ubunzima bangempela bokusoda okugeleza kabusha okunganomthofu.Ukuqhathaniswa kwefasitela elithile lokungaholeli nokugeleza kabusha kwe-lead elingenamthofu kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Kafushane, ihhavini lokugeleza kabusha lidlala indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi yokugcina yomkhiqizo ngokombono wayo yonke inqubo engenamthofu.Kodwa-ke, ngokombono wokutshalwa kwezimali kuwo wonke ulayini wokukhiqiza we-SMT, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezithandweni zokudayiswa ezingenamthofu kuvame ukubalela kuphela u-10-25% we-investimenti kuwo wonke ulayini we-SMT.Yingakho abakhiqizi abaningi bezinto zikagesi bashintsha ngokushesha amahhavini abo okugeleza kabusha bawafaka amahhavini agelezayo ekhwalithi ephezulu ngemva kokushintshela ekukhiqizeni okungenayo umthofu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-10-2020