Emklamo, ukwakheka kuyingxenye ebalulekile.Umphumela wesakhiwo uzothinta ngqo umphumela wezintambo, ngakho-ke ungacabanga ngakho ngale ndlela, ukwakheka okunengqondo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuphumelela komklamo we-PCB.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlelwa kwangaphambili kuyinqubo yokucabanga ngalo lonke ibhodi, ukugeleza kwesignali, ukuchithwa kokushisa, isakhiwo kanye nezinye izakhiwo.Uma ukwakheka kwangaphambilini kwehluleka, umzamo owengeziwe wakamuva nawo uyize.
1. Cabangela konke
Ukuphumelela komkhiqizo noma cha, omunye ukugxila kwikhwalithi yangaphakathi, okwesibili ukucabangela ubuhle obuphelele, bobabili baphelele kakhulu ukucabangela ukuthi umkhiqizo uphumelele.
Ebhodini le-PCB, ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze zilinganisele, zibe zincane futhi zihleleke, hhayi ukuba zibe nzima kakhulu noma zibe nekhanda elisindayo.
Ingabe i-PCB izokhubazeka?
Ingabe imiphetho yenqubo igciniwe?
Ingabe amaphuzu ka-MAKA agciniwe?
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ibhodi?
Zingaki izingqimba zebhodi, ezingaqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-impedance, ukuvikela isignali, ubuqotho besignali, umnotho, ukufezeka?
2. Ungafaki amaphutha ezinga eliphansi
Ingabe usayizi webhodi eliphrintiwe uyahambisana nosayizi womdwebo wokucubungula?Ingabe ingahlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB?Ingabe lukhona uphawu lokuma?
Izingxenye eziku-two-dimensional, isikhala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu akukho ukungqubuzana?
Ingabe ukwakheka kwezingxenye kuhlelekile futhi kuhlelwe ngobunono?Ingabe yonke indwangu iphelile?
Ingabe izingxenye ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo zingashintshwa kalula?Ingabe kulula ukufaka ibhodi lokufaka emishinini?
Ingabe likhona ibanga elifanelekile phakathi kwesici esishisayo nesici sokushisa?
Ingabe kulula ukulungisa izingxenye ezilungisekayo?
Ingabe usinki wokushisa ufakiwe lapho kudingeka khona ukuchithwa kokushisa?Ingabe umoya uhamba kahle?
Ingabe ukugeleza kwesignali kushelela futhi ukuxhumana okufushane kakhulu?
Ingabe amapulaki, amasokhethi, njll. ayaphikisana nomklamo womshini?
Ingabe inkinga yokuphazanyiswa komugqa iyacatshangelwa?
3. I-Bypass noma i-decoupling capacitor
Kuzintambo, i-analog kanye namadivayisi edijithali adinga lezi zinhlobo zama-capacitor, adinga ukuba seduze nezikhonkwane zawo zamandla axhunywe ku-bypass capacitor, inani le-capacitance ngokuvamile li-0.1μF. izikhonkwane zifushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana ne-inductive kokuqondanisa, futhi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kudivayisi.
Ukwengeza ama-bypass noma ama-decoupling capacitor ebhodini, kanye nokubekwa kwalawa ma-capacitor ebhodini, kuwulwazi oluyisisekelo kokubili imiklamo yedijithali ne-analog, kodwa imisebenzi yabo ihlukile.Ama-Bypass capacitor avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezintambo ze-analog ukuze adlule amasiginali wemvamisa ephezulu evela ekunikezeni amandla okungenzeka ukuthi afake ama-analog chips azwelayo ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zokuphakela amandla.Ngokuvamile, imvamisa yalawa masignali amaza aphezulu idlula ikhono ledivayisi ye-analogi lokuwacindezela.Uma ama-bypass capacitor engasetshenziswa kumasekethe e-analog, umsindo futhi, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukudlidliza kungenziwa endleleni yesignali.Kumadivayisi edijithali afana nezilawuli namaphrosesa, ama-decoupling capacitor nawo ayadingeka, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene.Umsebenzi owodwa walawa ma-capacitor ukusebenza njengebhange lokushaja “elincane”, ngoba kumasekethe edijithali, ukwenza ukushintsha kwesimo sesango (okungukuthi, ukushintsha) ngokuvamile kudinga inani elikhulu lamanje, futhi lapho ukushintsha okudlulayo kukhiqizwa ku-chip nokugeleza. ngebhodi, kunenzuzo ukuba nale nkokhelo eyengeziwe "esipele".” inkokhiso inenzuzo.Uma kungekho ukushaja okwanele ukwenza isenzo sokushintsha, kungabangela ushintsho olukhulu ku-voltage yokuhlinzeka.Ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ku-voltage lungabangela ileveli yesiginali yedijithali ukuthi iye esimeni esinqunyiwe futhi ingase ibangele umshini wombuso kudivayisi yedijithali ukuthi isebenze ngokungalungile.I-switching current egeleza ngokuqondisa kwebhodi izobangela ukuthi i-voltage ishintshe, ngenxa ye-parasitic inductance yokuqondisa kwebhodi, ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi kungabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: V = Ldl/dt lapho V = ushintsho ku-voltage L = ibhodi alignment inductance dI = ushintsho lwamanje olugeleza ngokuqondisa dt = isikhathi soshintsho lwamanje Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ukunikezwa kwamandla kumandla kagesi noma kumadivayisi asebenzayo kumaphini kagesi asetshenziswa i-Bypass (noma i-decoupling) capacitors kuwumkhuba omuhle kakhulu. .
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okokufaka, uma okwamanje kukhulu kakhulu, kunconywa ukunciphisa ubude nendawo yokuqondisa, ungagijimi yonke indawo.
Umsindo oshintshayo kokokufaka ohlanganiswe endizeni yokukhipha amandla.Umsindo oshintshayo weshubhu le-MOS lomthombo wamandla ophumayo uthinta ukunikezwa kwamandla okokufaka kwesiteji sangaphambili.
Uma kunenombolo enkulu ye-DCDC yamanje ephezulu ebhodini, kukhona amafrikhwensi ahlukene, ukuphazamiseka kwe-high current kanye ne-high voltage jump jump.
Ngakho-ke sidinga ukwehlisa indawo yokufaka ugesi ukuze sihlangabezane ne-through-current kuyo.Ngakho-ke uma uhlaka lokuphakelwa kwamandla, cabanga ukugwema ukusebenzisa amandla agcwele ebhodini.
4. Izintambo zamandla kanye nomhlabathi
Izintambo zamandla kanye nemigqa yaphansi zimi kahle ukuze zifane, zinganciphisa amathuba okuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMl).Uma amandla kanye nemigqa yaphansi ingalingani kahle, iluphu yesistimu izoklanywa, futhi ingase idale umsindo.Isibonelo samandla ahlanganiswe ngokungafanele kanye nedizayini ye-PCB ephansi iboniswa esithombeni.Kuleli bhodi, sebenzisa imizila ehlukene yokufaka amandla endwangu kanye nomhlabathi, ngenxa yalokhu kungena ngendlela engafanele, izingxenye zebhodi ze-electronics nemigqa ngokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi (EMI) kungenzeka kakhulu.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-analog yedijithali
Kumklamo ngamunye we-PCB, ingxenye yomsindo yesekhethi kanye nengxenye “ethule” (ingxenye engeyona enomsindo) ezohlukaniswa.Ngokuvamile, isifunda sedijithali singabekezelela ukuphazamiseka komsindo, futhi singazweli ngomsindo (ngoba isifunda sedijithali sinokubekezelelana komsindo omkhulu we-voltage);kunalokho, ukubekezelelana komsindo wesifunda se-analog kuncane kakhulu.Kokubili, amasekhethi e-analog azwela kakhulu ekushintsheni umsindo.Ezinhlelweni ze-wiring-signal-signal, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamasekhethi kufanele zihlukaniswe.
Izisekelo zezintambo zebhodi lesifunda zisebenza kuzo zombili izifunda ze-analog nedijithali.Umthetho oyisisekelo uwukusebenzisa indiza yaphansi engaphazamiseki.Lo mthetho oyisisekelo wehlisa umphumela we-dI/dt (yamanje ngokumelene nesikhathi) kumasekhethi edijithali ngoba umphumela we-dI/dt ubangela amandla aphansi futhi uvumela umsindo ukuthi ungene kwisekethe ye-analog.Amasu ezintambo zamasekhethi edijithali nawe-analog ayafana, ngaphandle kwento eyodwa.Enye into okufanele uyikhumbule kumasekhethi e-analog ukugcina imigqa yesignali yedijithali kanye nezihibe endizeni yaphansi kude kakhulu nesekethe ye-analog ngangokunokwenzeka.Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuxhuma indiza ephansi ye-analog ngokuhlukana noxhumano lomhlabathi wesistimu, noma ngokubeka isifunda se-analog ekugcineni kwebhodi, ekupheleni komugqa.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugcina ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle endleleni yesignali kube kuncane.Lokhu akudingekile kumasekhethi edijithali, angabekezelela inani elikhulu lomsindo endizeni yaphansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
6. Ukucatshangelwa kokushisa
Enqubweni yokuhlela, isidingo sokucabangela ukushisa kwamapayipi omoya, ukuchithwa kokushisa okuphelile.
Amadivayisi angezwani nokushisa akufanele abekwe ngemuva komoya womthombo wokushisa.Nikeza kuqala indawo yesakhiwo sendlu enzima kangaka yokuqeda ukushisa njenge-DDR.Gwema ukulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokulingisa okushisayo akudluli.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2022